The judicial authority in the Republic of Uzbekistan shall operate independently of the legislative and executive authorities, political parties, and other civil society institutions.

Justice in the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be administered only by the court. No other bodies and persons shall have the right to appropriate the powers of the judicial authority.

The judicial system in the Republic of Uzbekistan shall consist of:

Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

military courts;

Courts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional and Tashkent city courts;

Administrative court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, administrative courts of regions and the city of Tashkent;

inter-district, district, city courts for civil cases;

district, city courts for criminal cases;

inter-district, district, city economic courts;

inter-district administrative courts.

Specialization of judges by category of cases can be carried out In the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The creation of emergency courts shall not be allowed.

Legislation on courts shall consist of this Law and other acts of legislation.

The organization and procedure for the activities of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be determined by a separate law.

Main tasks of the court shall be the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens guaranteed by the Constitution and other laws, international treaties of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as international acts on human rights, state and public interests, rights and legally protected interests of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs.

The activities of the court shall be aimed at ensuring the rule of law, social justice, civil peace and harmony.

The formation of the judiciary shall be carried out by the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan in strict accordance with the principle of independence of judges. The organization and procedure for the activities of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be determined by a separate law.

In accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall have the right of legislative initiative exercised by submitting a draft law to the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan on issues included in the scope of its powers.

The National Flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be raised on the court building, the image of the State Emblem of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be placed on the facade of the court building and in the courtroom.

Justice in the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be administered in strict accordance with the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Judges shall be independent and subordinate only to the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Any interference in the activities of judges in administering justice shall be inadmissible and such interference shall entail liability in accordance with the law. Judges shall not be accountable for specific cases.

Imposition of any duties not related to the administration of justice on judges shall not be allowed.

Removal of a judge from the consideration of a specific case, or suspension of his powers, or transfer to another position shall be allowed only in the manner and on the grounds prescribed by law.

Judicial acts that have entered into legal force shall be binding on all state bodies, public associations, enterprises, institutions and organizations, officials, citizens and shall be subject to execution throughout the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Failure to comply with a judicial act shall entail liability established by law.

All citizens are equal before the law and the court regardless of sex, race, nationality, language, religion, convictions, social origin, and social status. Enterprises, institutions and organizations are also equal before the law and the court.

The trial of cases in all courts shall be open. Hearing cases in a closed court session shall be allowed only in cases established by law.

Persons present in the courtroom, representatives of the mass media may take photographs, video and audio recordings in the courtroom in the manner prescribed by law.

Removal of a judge from the consideration of a specific case, or suspension of his powers, or transfer to another position shall be allowed only in the manner and on the grounds prescribed by law.

Persons participating in the case who do not speak the language in which the proceedings are conducted shall be provided with the right to fully familiarize themselves with the case materials, participate in court actions through an interpreter and the right to speak in court in their native language or another language that they command.

Citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan, foreign citizens, and stateless persons shall have the right to judicial protection against unlawful decisions, acts and omissions of state bodies and other organizations, and their officials, including restriction of their rights in connection with the conviction of their relatives and legal consequences arising therefrom, as well as against encroachments on their life and health, honor and dignity, personal liberty and property, and other rights and freedoms. Legal entities shall also have the right to judicial protection.

The right to receive qualified legal assistance shall be guaranteed to everyone in the administration of justice. The suspect, the accused, and the defendant shall be ensured the right to defense and all opportunities to defend themselves at any stage of legal proceedings.

In cases prescribed by law, the provision of qualified legal assistance at the expense of the state shall be ensured.

A person accused of committing a crime shall be presumed innocent until his guilt is proved in the manner prescribed by law by way of a public court trial and established by a court sentence that has entered into legal force.

All doubts regarding guilt, if opportunities to eliminate them have been exhausted, must be resolved in favor of the suspect, the accused, the defendant, or the convict.

The suspect, the accused, or the defendant shall not be obliged to prove his innocence and may exercise the right to remain silent at any time.

If a personʼs confession of his guilt is the only evidence against him, he may not be found guilty or subject to punishment.

No one may be arrested, detained, taken into custody, kept in custody, or restricted in his liberty in any other way except on the basis of law.

Arrest, taking into custody and keeping in custody shall be allowed only by a court decision. A person may not be detained for more than forty-eight hours without a court decision.

No one may be subjected to torture, violence, other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.

The parties, and in the cases provided for by law, also other persons shall have the right to appeal against a judicial act in accordance with the procedure established by law.

The Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be deemed the highest judicial authority in the field of civil, criminal, economic and administrative court proceedings.

The Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall have the right to supervise the judicial activities of lower courts.

The Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall:

consider cases within its competence as a court of first, appellate and cassation instances, including repeatedly in a cassation court, as well as with respect to newly discovered circumstances;

consider topical issues of judicial practice at the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan and provide clarifications on the application of legislation;

study the organizational activities of military courts, the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional and Tashkent city courts, the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, administrative courts of regions and the city of Tashkent, inter-district, district, city courts;

exercise control over the implementation by the courts of the clarifications of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

carry out a systematic analysis of judicial practice and judicial statistics;

organize work with respect to advanced training of judges and employees of the court apparatus.

The Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan may exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

The Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall consist of the Chairperson, First Deputy Chairperson and Deputy Chairpersons — chairpersons of the judicial boards on administrative, civil, criminal and economic cases, as well as judges of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall operate in composition of:

Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

Judicial Collegium for Administrative Cases;

Judicial Collegium for Civil Cases;

Judicial Collegium for Criminal Cases;

Judicial Collegium for Economic Cases.

Specialized judicial compositions may be formed in judicial collegiums.

The number of judges of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be established by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the proposal of the Chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be composed of judges of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, chairperson of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan and the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan.

The Chairperson of the Constitutional Court, the Chairperson of the Supreme Judicial Council, the Prosecutor General, the Minister of Justice, the Chairperson of the Chamber of Advocates of the Republic of Uzbekistan, judges, The Authorized Person for Human Rights of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Ombudsman), the representative of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan on childrenʼs rights (Children's Ombudsman), The Commissioner for Protection of Rights and Legitimate Interests of Entrepreneurs under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as members of the Scientific Advisory Council under the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan may participate in the meetings of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be convened on the base of necessity, but not less than once every four months. Draft resolutions on the application of legislation shall be sent to the members of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan and other interested organizations twenty days before the meeting.

The Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be competent if there are not less than two thirds of its members.

Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall:

consider materials of generalization of judicial practice and provides clarifications on the application of legislation;

consider the issue of submitting to the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan draft laws developed within a legislative initiative;

consider the submission of the Chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the issues of submitting an appeal to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan on providing interpretation of the norms of the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as on submitting an appeal to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan on issues initiated by the courts on the compliance of normative legal acts to be applied in specific case to the Constitution Republic of Uzbekistan;

approve, on the proposal of the Chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the composition of the scientific advisory council under the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

approve, on the proposals of the Chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the composition of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the composition of judicial collegiums, as well as the secretary of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

hears information about the work of the Presidium, as well as reports on the activities of the judicial collegiums of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

hears reports of the chairpersons of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional and Tashkent city courts, the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, administrative courts of the regions and the city of Tashkent on the practice of applying legislation, as well as on the implementation of clarifications from the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the application of legislation;

approve, on the proposal of the Chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the head of the apparatus of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan and hear their reports on the activities of the apparatus of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

approve the composition of the editorial board of the printed organ of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

approve the regulations of the Plenum and the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan may exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

On issues related to its powers, the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan adopts resolutions.

The resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be adopted by open voting by a majority vote of the members of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan participating in the meeting.

The resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be signed by the chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the secretary of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall enter into force from the date of its adoption and shall be published in the official publications of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Protocol shall be recorded at the meetings of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The protocol of the meeting of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be signed by the chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the secretary of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Issues for consideration by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be submitted by the Chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The Supreme Judicial Council, the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall have the right to submit proposals for the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan to give clarifications on the application of legislation.

Consideration of the issue shall begin with hearing the report of the judge of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan or other authorized person. Persons invited to the session of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan may participate in the discussion of the issue.

Clarifications of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the application of legislation shall be mandatory for courts, state and other bodies, enterprises, institutions, organizations and officials that apply the legislation on which a clarification is provided.

The Secretary of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, along with the performance of the duties of a judge of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, shall provide organizational support for the preparation of a meeting of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, recording protocols and shall take actions necessary to organize the execution of the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be formed from among the judges of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the number determined by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The Chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, their first deputy and deputies shall be members of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan ex officio.

Meetings of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be held as necessary, but not less than once a month and shall be competent if there is a majority of members of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall:

consider materials of generalization of judicial practice;

hear reports of the chairpersons of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional and Tashkent city courts, the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, administrative courts of the regions and the city of Tashkent on judicial activities and on the practice of applying legislation;

consider issues of organizing the work of judicial collegiums and the apparatus of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan may exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

Judicial collegiums of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall:

consider cases in the first instance, in the appeal and cassation procedure, including repeatedly in the court of cassation;

study and generalize judicial practice;

prepare reviews of judicial practice;

develop proposals for improving legislation;

analyze judicial statistics.

Judicial collegiums of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan may also exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

Chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall:

carry out organizational management of the activities of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

request for, in the manner prescribed by law, court cases to resolve the issue of the need to repeatedly consideration of the case in a court of cassation;

submit a protest on considering the case in the order of revision in the manner prescribed by law;

suspend, in the manner prescribed by law, the execution of decisions, sentences, rulings and resolutions of courts;

convene the Plenum and the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan and chair their meetings;

organize work to monitor the implementation of resolutions of the Plenum and the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

resolve the issue of transferring a case from one court to another court;

submit for consideration to the Plenum and the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan issues within their competence;

submit submissions to the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan in case of inconsistency with the legislation of the clarifications of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

submit a submission to the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the issues of submitting an appeal to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan on giving an official interpretation of the norms of the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as on the compliance of normative-legal acts to be applied in a specific case to the Constitution Republic of Uzbekistan, on issues initiated by the courts;

submit submissions to the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the composition of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, on the composition of judicial collegiums;

submit submissions to the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan on decisions, conclusions of the High Qualification Board of Judges of the Courts of the Republic of Uzbekistan (hereinafter referred to as the High Qualification Board of Judges);

distribute duties among the deputy chairpersons;

conclude, amend and terminate employment contracts with employees of the apparatus of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

make changes to the structures of courts within the total number of managerial personnel in agreement with the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

approve the staff list of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

accept orders and instructions;

conduct a personal reception of individuals, representatives of legal entities and organize work on consideration of their appeals.

The Chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan may exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

First Deputy, Deputy Chairpersons — Chairpersons of the Judicial Collegiums of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall:

request court cases in the manner prescribed by law to resolve the issue of the necessity of considering the case in the order of revision;

manage the work of the relevant judicial collegiums of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

submit to the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan reports on the activities of judicial collegiums;

preside at meetings of the relevant judicial collegiums of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

provide assistance in organizing the activities of the relevant lower courts;

organize work on the generalization of judicial practice, the preparation of a review of judicial practice and the analysis of judicial statistics;

suspend the execution of judgments, sentences, rulings and resolutions of courts in the manner prescribed by law;

organize work for advanced training of judges and employees of the court apparatus;

conduct personal reception of individuals and representatives of legal entities.

The first deputy, deputy chairpersons — chairpersons of the judicial collegiums of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan may also exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

In the absence of the chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, their powers shall be exercised by the first deputy chairperson, and in the absence of the first deputy — one of the deputy chairpersons.

The Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional, Tashkent city court shall consist of the chairperson, deputy chairpersons — chairpersons of the judicial collegiums for civil, criminal and economic cases, judges, as well as people's assessors.

The Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional, Tashkent city court shall operate in composition of:

presidium;

Judicial Collegium for Civil Cases;

Judicial Collegium for Criminal Cases;

Judicial Collegium for Economic Cases.

Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional, Tashkent city court shall:

consider cases within the scope of its powers as a court of first instance, appellate or cassation and revision instances;

supervise the judicial activities of inter-district, district, city courts;

generalize judicial practice and judicial statistics, carry out their systematic analysis;

prepare reviews of judicial practice;

organize work for advanced training of judges and employees of the court apparatus.

The court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional, Tashkent city court may exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

The Presidium of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional, Tashkent city court shall act in composition of the judges of this court.

Meetings of the presidium of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional, Tashkent city courts shall be held as necessary, but not less than once a month and shall be competent if there is a majority of the members of the presidium.

Resolutions of the presidium of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional, Tashkent city court shall be adopted by a majority vote of the members of the presidium who participated in the vote, and shall be signed by the chairperson of the respective court.

The Presidium of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional, Tashkent city court shall:

consider materials of generalizations and reviews of judicial practice, analysis of judicial statistics;

hear the reports of the deputy chairpersons — chairpersons of the judicial collegiums on the activities of the judicial collegiums;

hear reports of the chairpersons of inter-district, district, city courts on the activities of these courts and on the practice of applying legislation.

The Presidium of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the regional, Tashkent city court may exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

Judicial collegiums of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional, Tashkent city court shall:

consider, within their powers, cases at first instance;

consider cases in appeal or cassation and in the order of revision;

study and generalize judicial practice;

prepare reviews of judicial practice;

analyze judicial statistics.

Judicial collegiums of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional, Tashkent city courts may also exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

Chairperson of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional, Tashkent city court shall:

carry out organizational management of the court;

convene the presidium of the court and chairs its sessions;

organize work to monitor the implementation of resolutions of the presidium of the court;

preside over court sessions;

assist in organizing the activities of lower courts;

organize work for advanced training of judges, employees of the court apparatus and people's assessors;

organize work on the generalization of judicial practice, the preparation of reviews of judicial practice and the maintenance of judicial statistics;

conduct a personal reception of individuals, representatives of legal entities and organize work on consideration of their appeals;

make submissions to the High Qualification Board of Judges on decisions, conclusions of the Qualification Board of Judges;

organize meetings of judges with the population, as well as inform the public on the courtʼs activities on a quarterly basis through mass media;

supervise the work of the court apparatus, conclude and terminate employment contracts with court employees.

The Chairperson of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional, Tashkent city court may exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

In the absence of the chairperson of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the regional, Tashkent city court, their powers may be assigned to one of the deputy chairpersons of the relevant court by the chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Deputy Chairperson of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional, Tashkent city court shall:

organize the work of the relevant judicial collegium;

preside at the meetings of the relevant judicial collegium;

submit to the presidium of the court reports on the activities of the respective judicial collegium;

conduct personal reception of individuals, representatives of legal entities.

The Deputy Chairperson of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional, Tashkent city court may exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

In the absence of the Deputy Chairperson of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the regional, Tashkent city court, their powers may be assigned to another Deputy Chairperson of the relevant court by the Chairperson of this court.

The inter-district, district, city court for civil cases shall consist of a chairperson and judges.

A district, city court on criminal cases shall consist of a chairperson, judges, investigative judges and peopleʼs assessors.

The inter-district, district, city economic court shall consist of a chairperson and judges.

In the inter-district, district, city court, where there are more than six judges, the position of deputy chairperson of the court shall be introduced.

A one-component inter-district, district, city court shall consist of the chairperson of the court.

The inter-district, district, city court for civil cases shall consider civil cases and cases of administrative offenses referred by law to its competence.

A district, city court on criminal cases shall consider criminal cases and cases on administrative offenses, as well as petitions on applying the measure of restraint in the form of detention or house arrest or extending the term of detention or house arrest, on suspending the validity of a passport (travel document), on temporary restriction of the right to exit from the Republic of Uzbekistan, on removal of an accused from office, on placing a person in a medical institution or extending the term of stay of an accused in a medical institution, on exhumation of a corpse, on seizure of postal and telegraphic shipments, on conducting a search, on wiretapping of conversations conducted through telephones and other telecommunication devices, and obtaining information transmitted through them, on seizure of property, on release of a convict from punishment on the basis of an amnesty act, and other cases included in the scope of its powers by law.

The inter-district, district, city economic court shall consider disputes arising from civil law relations between economic entities, and corporate disputes, as well as cases of administrative offenses referred by law to its competence.

Chairperson of the inter-district, district, city court for civil cases, district, city court for criminal cases, inter-district, district, city economic court shall:

preside over court sessions;

conduct a personal reception of individuals, representatives of legal entities and organize work on consideration of their appeals;

organize meetings of judges with the population, as well as inform the public on the courtʼs activities on a quarterly basis through mass media;

supervise the work of the court apparatus, conclude and terminate employment contracts with employees of the court apparatus.

The chairperson of an inter-district, district, city court for civil cases, a district, city court for criminal cases, an inter-district, district, city economic court may also exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

In the absence of the chairperson of an inter-district, district, city court for civil cases, a district, city court for criminal cases, an inter-district, district, city economic court, their powers shall be performed by the deputy chairperson, and in their absence, the powers of the chairperson of the court may be assigned to one of the judges of the corresponding court by the chairperson of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional, Tashkent city court.

Deputy chairperson of the inter-district, district, city court for civil cases, district, city court for criminal cases, inter-district, district, city economic court shall:

manage the work of the court apparatus in accordance with the distribution of duties;

preside over court sessions;

conduct a personal reception of individuals, representatives of legal entities;

replace the chairperson of the court in their absence.

The deputy chairperson of an inter-district, district, city court for civil cases, a district, city court for criminal cases, an inter-district, district, city economic court may also exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

The system of military courts of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall consist of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan and territorial military courts.

The military court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall operate enjoying powers of a regional court and consists of a chairperson, a deputy chairperson, judges and people's assessors.

Territorial military courts shall operate enjoying powers of a district court and consist of a chairperson and people's assessors.

Military courts of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall consider:

cases of crimes committed by servicemen of the Ministry of Defense, the State Security Service, the State Security Service of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the National Guard, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan and other military units created in accordance with the legislation, as well as citizens who are liable for military service during their military training;

civil cases on claims by military personnel against the command of military units, formations and associations, military command and control bodies and complaints against decisions of military command bodies, actions (inaction) of military officials that violate the rights and legitimate interests of military personnel;

all civil and criminal cases in areas where, due to exceptional circumstances, courts do not operate;

cases of administrative offenses referred by law to its competence;

cases concerning state secrets.

The military courts of the Republic of Uzbekistan may also consider other cases in accordance with the law.

The organization of the activities of military courts shall be determined by the regulation approved by this Law.

The administrative court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the administrative court of the region, the city of Tashkent shall consist of the chairperson, deputy chairperson of the court, judges and act in composition of presidiums and judicial collegiums.

Administrative court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, administrative court of the region, Tashkent city shall:

consider cases within the scope of its powers as a court of first instance, appellate or cassation and revision instances;

supervise the judicial activities of inter-district administrative courts;

generalize judicial practice and judicial statistics, carry out their systematic analysis;

prepare reviews of judicial practice;

organize work for advanced training of judges and employees of the court apparatus.

The administrative court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the administrative court of the region, the city of Tashkent may exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

The Presidium of the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the Administrative Court of the Region, the City of Tashkent shall act in composition of the judges of this court.

Meetings of the presidium of the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the administrative court of the region, the city of Tashkent shall be held as necessary, but not less than once a month and shall be competent if there is a majority of the members of the presidium.

The resolutions of the presidium of the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the administrative court of the region, the city of Tashkent shall be adopted by a majority vote of the members of the presidium who participated in the voting, and signed by the chairperson of the relevant court.

Presidium of the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Administrative Court of the region, Tashkent city shall:

consider materials of generalizations and reviews of judicial practice, analysis of judicial statistics;

hear reports on the activities of the Judicial Collegium;

hear reports of chairpersons of inter-district administrative courts on the practice of applying legislation.

The Presidium of the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the administrative court of the region, the city of Tashkent may also exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

Judicial Collegium of the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the administrative court of the region, the city of Tashkent shall:

consider, within its powers, cases at first instance;

consider cases in appeal or cassation and in the order of revision;

study and generalize judicial practice;

prepare reviews of judicial practice;

analyze judicial statistics.

The judicial collegium of the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the administrative court of the region, the city of Tashkent may also exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

Chairperson of the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Administrative Court of the region, Tashkent city shall:

carry out organizational management of the court;

convene the presidium of the court and preside its sessions;

organize work to monitor the implementation of resolutions of the presidium of the court;

preside over court sessions;

assist in organizing the activities of lower courts;

organize work for advanced training of judges and employees of the court apparatus;

organize work on the generalization of judicial practice, the preparation of reviews of judicial practice and the maintenance of judicial statistics;

conduct a personal reception of individuals, representatives of legal entities and organize work on consideration of their appeals;

make submissions to the High Qualification Board of Judges on decisions, conclusions of the Qualification Board of Judges;

organize meetings of judges with the population, as well as inform the public on the courtʼs activities on a quarterly basis through mass media;

supervise the work of the court apparatus, conclude and terminate employment contracts with employees of the court apparatus.

In the absence of the chairperson of the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the administrative court of the region, the city of Tashkent, their powers may be assigned to the deputy chairperson of the relevant court by the chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The chairperson of the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the administrative court of the region, the city of Tashkent may exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

Deputy Chairperson of the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Administrative Court of the Region, Tashkent City shall:

organize the work of the Judicial Collegium;

preside at meetings of the Judicial Collegium;

submit to the Presidium of the Court reports on the activities of the Judicial Collegium;

conduct a personal reception of individuals, representatives of legal entities;

in the absence of the chairperson of the court, exercise their powers.

The Deputy Chairperson of the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the Administrative Court of the region, the city of Tashkent may also exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

In the absence of the Deputy Chairperson of the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the administrative court of the region, the city of Tashkent, their powers may be assigned to one of the judges of the relevant court by the Chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Inter-district Administrative Court shall consist of a chairperson and judges.

In the inter-district administrative court, where there are more than six judges, the position of deputy chairperson of the court shall be introduced.

The inter-district Administrative Court shall consider administrative disputes on complaints and applications against decisions of state bodies, self-government bodies of citizens, actions (inaction) of their officials arising from public law relations, as well as other cases referred by law to its competence.

Chairperson of the Inter-district Administrative Court shall:

preside over court sessions;

conduct a personal reception of individuals, representatives of legal entities and organize work on consideration of their appeals;

organize meetings of judges with the population, as well as inform the public on the courtʼs activities on a quarterly basis through mass media;

supervise the work of the court apparatus, conclude and terminate employment contracts with court employees.

The chairperson of the inter-district administrative court may also exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

In the absence of the chairperson of the inter-district administrative court, their powers shall be performed by the deputy chairperson, and in their absence, the powers of the chairperson of the court may be assigned to one of the judges of the corresponding court by the chairperson of the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the administrative court of the region, the city of Tashkent.

The Deputy Chairperson of the Inter-district Administrative Court shall:

manages the work of the court apparatus in accordance with the distribution of duties;

preside over court sessions;

conduct a personal reception of individuals, representatives of legal entities;

in the absence of the chairperson of the court, exercise their powers.

The deputy chairperson of the inter-district administrative court may also exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

Judges in the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be deemed persons vested in accordance with the law with the authority to administer justice.

All judges in the Republic of Uzbekistan shall have a single status.

Chairpersons and deputy chairpersons of courts at the same time shall be judges.

Judges shall be assigned qualification classes. The procedure for establishing and assigning qualification classes to judges shall be determined by the regulation approved by this Law.

People's assessor may be a citizen of the Republic of Uzbekistan not younger than thirty-five years old, elected by open vote at a meeting of citizens at the place of residence or work for a period of two and a half years.

A people's assessor of a military court can be a citizen of the Republic of Uzbekistan who is in active military service, who has reached the age of thirty-five by the day of elections, elected by open vote at meetings of military personnel of military units for a period of two and a half years.

The number of people's assessors for each court shall be established by the relevant qualification boards of judges.

People's assessors in the administration of justice shall enjoy the rights of a judge.

People's assessors shall be called to perform their duties in courts in order of priority for no more than two weeks a year, except when the extension of this period is caused by the need to complete the consideration of a court case initiated with their participation. During this period, their average salary at the place of work shall be maintained.

A person elected or appointed to the position of a judge for the first time shall take an oath of the following content:

I solemnly swear to honestly and conscientiously fulfill the duties entrusted to me, to administer justice being subordinate only to the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, to be unbiased, impartial and just as prescribed by my duty as a judge and my conscience.

The oath shall be taken by the judge in a solemn ceremony in front of the State Flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and in the Republic of Karakalpakstan — also in front of the State Flag of the Republic of Karakalpakstan.

Judges shall take an oath at a meeting of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Judges of the courts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan shall take an oath at a meeting of the presidium of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan and the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, respectively.

A judge, elected or appointed for the first time, shall begin to exercise their powers after taking the oath.

A judge shall have the right:

to demand from officials and citizens the execution of their orders related to the administration of justice;

receive from officials and other persons the information necessary for the administration of justice;

receive, without consideration, the information necessary for the administration of justice from the information systems of state bodies and other organizations and have access, including remote access, to information systems containing personal data;

receive, without consideration, information containing personal data necessary for the administration of justice from the information systems of state bodies, as well as other organizations, without the written consent of citizens;

take part in the formation of bodies of the judiciary and participate in their activities;

join associations.

A judge may also have other rights in accordance with the law.

State bodies, officials, public associations, other legal entities and individuals shall be obliged to unquestioningly comply with the requirements and orders of the judge related to the administration of justice. Failure to comply with the requirements and orders of the judge shall entail liability established by law.

A judge must:

strictly observe the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

ensure the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, their honor, dignity and property, the rights and legally protected interests of enterprises, institutions and organizations;

when exercising their powers, as well as in off-duty relations, comply with the requirements of the Code of Judicial Ethics, avoid anything that could undermine the authority of the judiciary, the honor and dignity of a judge or raise doubts about their impartiality, objectivity and fairness;

resist any manifestations of corruption and attempts of unlawful interference in the administration of justice and, if such facts are revealed, report this to the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

show respect for the participants in the court trial;

maintain their qualifications at the level necessary to fulfill the powers of a judge;

declare self-recusal and notify the participants in the trial in case of a conflict of interest.

A judge shall not be entitled to:

disclose the confidentiality of judgesʼ deliberations and information obtained during closed court sessions;

be a senator, deputy of representative bodies of state power;

be a member of a political party, support it financially, take part in the actions of political parties, engage in other political activities;

engage in other paid activities, except for pedagogical, scientific and other creative activities, the engagement of which should not interfere with the performance of the duties of a judge;

engage in entrepreneurial activities personally or through authorized persons, including taking part in the management of an economic entity, regardless of its organizational and legal form;

open and have accounts (deposits), keep cash and valuables in foreign banks located outside the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Such restriction shall also apply to the spouse (wife) and minor children of the judge;

be a representative in court (except in cases of legal representation) in cases of individuals or legal entities;

allow public statements on an issue that is being considered in court, before the entry into force of a judicial act;

disclose or use for purposes not related to the exercise of the powers of a judge, information classified in accordance with the law as confidential information, which became known to them in connection with the exercise of the powers of a judge.

A judge may also have other duties in accordance with the law.

The independence of judges shall be ensured by:

procedure established by law for electing, appointing them to office, suspending and terminating the powers of a judge;

immunity of the judge;

strict procedure for the administration of justice;

confidentiality of judgesʼ deliberations when making decisions and the prohibition to demand its disclosure;

statutory liability for disrespect for a judge, interference with the administration of justice and violation of the immunity of a judge;

providing the judge at the expense of the state with material and social security corresponding to their high status.

The adoption of legislative acts restricting the independence of a judge shall not be allowed.

The judge, members of their family and their property shall be under special protection of the state.

The personality of a judge shall be inviolable. The immunity of a judge shall extend to their home, office space, means of transport and means of communication used by them, correspondence, things and documents belonging to them.

In order to ensure the personal safety of judges they are issued service weapons and personal protective equipment with the right to store, carry and use them, according to the list determined by the Chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In necessary cases, by order of the chairperson of the relevant court, the internal affairs body shall provide the judge and their family with armed guards.

A criminal case against a judge can be initiated only by the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

A judge cannot be prosecuted, taken into custody without obtaining the conclusion of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan and without the consent of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

A judge cannot be held administratively liable without obtaining an opinion from the relevant qualification board of judges.

The submission of the chairperson of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the facts of violation of the immunity of judges and interference in their activities in the administration of justice shall be considered by the prosecution authorities within a month. The Prosecutor General's Office of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall inform the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan about the initiation or refusal to initiate a criminal case on the indicated facts.

Summoning a judge to law enforcement agencies for interrogation as a witness or a suspect shall be allowed only with the consent of the relevant qualification board of judges.

The measure of restraint in the form of detention against a judge may be applied only in cases where he is charged with committing a grave or especially grave crime or another intentional crime resulting in human death. This rule shall also apply to a former judge accused of committing such a crime during the period of his work as a judge.

If a judge is detained on suspicion of committing an offense, the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be informed about this no later than three hours from the moment of their detention with copies of the documents that are the basis for the detention.

Penetration into the home or office of a judge, the transport used by them, the performance of an inspection, search or seizure there, wiretapping of their telephone conversations, body search and personal search of a judge, as well as search, seizure or withdrawal of their correspondence, things and documents belonging to them may not be carried out otherwise than by a court decision or with the sanction of the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The criminal case against the judge shall be within the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

All guarantees of immunity of judges shall apply to people's assessors while they are performing their duties in court.

State and other bodies, enterprises, institutions and organizations, officials, citizens shall be obliged to respect and observe the principle of independence of judges.

Showing disrespect for a judge, as well as committing actions that indicate a clear disregard for them, shall entail liability in accordance with the law.

Interference in the activities of judges in the administration of justice shall be inadmissible.

Influence in any form on judges in order to prevent a comprehensive, complete and objective consideration of a particular case or to achieve the issuance of an illegal judicial act shall entail criminal liability in accordance with the law.

Demanding from the judge any explanations on the merits of the cases considered or in progress, as well as to present them to anyone for review shall be prohibited, except in the cases and in the manner prescribed by law.

Mass media shall have no right to prejudge in their reports the results of the trial in a particular case or influence the court in any way.

A candidate for the position of a judge may be a citizen of the Republic of Uzbekistan who has reached thirty-five years of age and has a higher legal education.

The following persons cannot be a candidate for the position of a judge:

accused of committing a crime;

previously convicted or in respect of which the criminal case was terminated on non-rehabilitating grounds;

having the citizenship of a foreign state or a residence permit or other document confirming the right to permanent residence in the territory of a foreign state;

recognized by the court as incapable or partially incapacitated;

registered in psychiatric or narcological institutions;

having another disease that prevents the exercise of the powers of a judge.

A judge of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan may be a person who meets the requirements of Article 67 of this Law, who has at least fifteen years of experience in the legal profession, including, as a rule, not less than seven years as a judge.

A judge of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the regional, Tashkent city court, the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the administrative courts of the regions and the city of Tashkent may be a person who meets the requirements of Article 67 of this Law, who has not less than ten years of experience in the legal profession, including, as a rule, not less than two years as a judge.

A judge of an inter-district, district, city court, territorial military court may be a person who meets the requirements of Article 67 of this Law, who has reached thirty-five years of age and has not less than seven years of work experience in the legal profession.

Candidates appointed for the first time to the positions of judges shall undergo compulsory training at the Higher School of Judges under the Higher Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan. For the period of training, they shall be released from the performance of labor duties without saving the average monthly wage at their main place of work, but they retain their place of work (position) for the entire period of training.

The judge of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be elected by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the proposal of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the basis of the recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The judge of the regional, Tashkent city court, the Military court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Administrative court of the region, the city of Tashkent, the inter-district, district, city court, territorial military court shall be appointed to the post by the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

A judge of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the inter-district, district, city court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan shall be appointed to the position by the Jokargy Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan on the proposal of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Persons carrying out activities in positions appointed by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan or in agreement with them and having an impeccable reputation may be appointed to judicial positions for the first time without undergoing compulsory training at the Higher School of Judges under the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan as an exception.

The appointment of a judge to a position shall be subject to the conclusion of the relevant qualification board of judges.

The chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the first deputy chairperson, deputy chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan - the chairperson of the judicial collegium of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be elected by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the proposal of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The chairperson, deputy chairperson of the regional, Tashkent city court, the Military court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Administrative court of the region, the city of Tashkent shall be appointed to the post by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the proposal of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The Chairperson, Deputy Chairperson of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan shall be elected by the Jokargy Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan on the proposal of the Chairperson of the Jokargy Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan based on the conclusion of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan, agreed with the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The chairperson, deputy chairperson of the inter-district, district, city court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan shall be appointed by the Jokargy Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan on the proposal of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The chairperson, deputy chairperson of the inter-district, district, city court, territorial military court shall be appointed to the post by the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

A judge shall be elected or appointed in accordance with the established procedure for an initial five-year term, another ten-year term and a subsequent indefinite period of tenure.

The term of office of a judge shall be calculated on the basis of their total length of service as a judge.

The age limit for serving as a judge of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be seventy years, for judges of other courts — sixty-five years.

The age limit for serving as a judge of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan may be extended with their consent to five years by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and judges of other courts also up to five years by the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The judge shall retain the right to retire in accordance with the legislation.

The term of office of the chairperson, deputy chairperson of the court shall be five years.

A person cannot hold the position of chairperson, deputy chairperson in the same court for more than two consecutive terms.

The powers of the chairperson, deputy chairperson of the court shall terminate upon the expiration of the term for which they were elected or appointed.

In the event of termination of the powers of the chairperson, deputy chairperson of the court due to the expiration of the term or filing an application for dismissal, they shall retain the powers of a judge and continue to work as a judge from the same day, and in the absence of a vacant position of a judge in this court, with their consent, from the same day shall transfer to the position of a judge in another court for the remaining term of the judge.

A judge may be transferred with his consent to another judicial position during the term of office by the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Judge of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, chairperson, deputy chairperson, judge of the inter-district, district (city) court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan during the term of office may be transferred with their consent to another judicial position on the proposal of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan by the Jokargy Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan .

The term of office of a judge in one court, as a rule, must be not less than two years.

The issue of transferring a judge to another judicial position shall be submitted for consideration by the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan upon the conclusion of the High Qualifications Board of Judges.

A judge may be subject to disciplinary liability only upon the decision of the relevant qualification board of judges:

for violating the law in the administration of justice;

for omissions in the organization of judicial work due to negligence or indiscipline;

for committing an offense discrediting the honor and dignity of a judge and infringing on the authority of the court;

for violating the requirements of the Code of Judicial Ethics.

Cancellation or amendment of a court decision in itself shall not entail the responsibility of the judge who participated in the adoption of the court decision, unless they committed a deliberate violation of the law or bad faith in doing so, which entailed significant consequences.

If, within a year after the imposition of a disciplinary sanction, a judge does not perform the actions provided for by part one of this article again, they shall be deemed not to have been brought to disciplinary liability.

The procedure for bringing judges to disciplinary liability shall be established by a provision approved by law.

A disciplinary case against a judge may be initiated by the relevant qualification board of judges based on the results of an internal audit conducted on the basis of an application or report that the judge has committed actions provided for by part one of Article 74 of this Law.

The Qualification Board of Judges may impose one of the following disciplinary sanctions on a judge who has been brought to disciplinary liability:

warning;

reprimand;

fine in the amount of not more than thirty percent of the average monthly wage;

lowering the qualification class by one degree;

prematurely termination of powers.

When imposing disciplinary measures, the nature of the violation and its consequences, the severity of the misconduct, the personality of the judge, and the degree of their guilt shall be taken into account.

The decision of the Qualification Board of Judges on the imposition of disciplinary measures may be appealed to the High Qualification Board of Judges.

A complaint may be filed with the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan against the decision of the High Qualifications Board of Judges to impose disciplinary measures.

The powers of a judge shall be suspended by a decision of the relevant qualification board of judges in cases where:

the judge is engaged in activities incompatible with their position;

the judge was subjected to compulsory medical measures;

the judge was declared by a court decision as missing;

a criminal case has been initiated against the judge;

the judge participates as a candidate for deputies in the elections for representative bodies of state power.

The powers of a judge shall be suspended until the grounds for their suspension cease to exist.

The judge shall have the right to appeal the decision of the relevant qualification board of judges in the manner prescribed by law.

Suspension of the powers of a judge, with the exception of cases where detention was chosen as a preventive measure against the judge, shall not entail the suspension of the payment of wages to this judge or a reduction in its size, a decrease in the level of its provision, and does not deprive the judge of the guarantees of immunity established by this Law. .

The decision to resume the powers of a judge shall be adopted by the relevant qualification board of judges that suspended the powers of a judge.

The powers of a judge shall be terminated prematurely in the following cases:

1) they violate the judge's oath;

2) submission of a written application by him;

3) continuation by them of activities incompatible with the position of a judge, after a warning or suspension of their powers by the relevant qualification board of judges;

4) recognition by the court as incapable or partially incapacitated;

5) exit and loss of citizenship of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

6) the entry into force of a guilty verdict of the court against them;

7) death or declaration them as death by a court decision;

8) inability, for health reasons or other valid reasons, to perform the duties of a judge for a long time;

9) expiration of the term of office of the chairperson of the court, if they do not agree to occupy another judicial position;

10) commission by a judge of the actions provided for by part one of Article 74 of this Law, for which, by decision of the relevant qualification board of judges, a disciplinary sanction in the form of termination of powers was imposed on the judge.

In the presence of the grounds provided for in this article, the powers of a judge shall be prematurely terminated in the following order:

judges of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan — by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the proposal of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

the chairperson and deputy chairperson of the regional and Tashkent city courts, administrative courts of the regions and the city of Tashkent, the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan — by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the proposal of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

judges of regional and Tashkent city courts, administrative courts of regions and the city of Tashkent, the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, chairperson and judges of inter-district, district, city, military courts — by the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan upon the conclusion of the relevant qualification board of judges;

judges of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, inter-district, district, city courts — by the Jokargy Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan on the proposal of the Chairperson of the Jokargy Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, made on the basis of the conclusion of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Prematurely termination of the powers of a judge in the cases provided for in paragraphs 1, 3, 8 and 10 of the first part of this article shall be allowed on the basis of a decision of the relevant qualification board of judges.

Reorganization or abolition of a court shall not serve as grounds for the release of a judge from the position.

The powers of people's assessors shall be terminated prematurely on the grounds specified in part one of this article, with the exception of the grounds specified in paragraphs 1, 3, 9 and 10 of part one of this article.

Qualification boards of judges shall be established for consideration of the following issues:

disciplinary liability of a judge;

suspension or prematurely termination of the powers of a judge;

ensuring the immunity of a judge;

assigning a qualification class to a judge;

organizing work on the selection and holding of elections of people's assessors;

monitoring compliance with the oath of a judge and the Code of Judicial Ethics.

Qualification boards of judges shall assist the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan in fulfilling the tasks assigned to it.

The High Qualification Board of Judges shall be elected by the Congress of Judges of the Republic of Uzbekistan for a period of five years.

Qualification boards of judges of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, courts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regions and the city of Tashkent, administrative courts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regions and the city of Tashkent shall be elected for a period of five years at conferences of judges of the respective courts.

The procedure for organizing the activities of qualification boards of judges shall be determined by the regulation approved by law.

The salary of a judge shall consist of a monthly official salary, monthly additional payments for a qualification class, for length of service, for an honorary title in the amounts established by legislation and paid from the republican budget.

Other payments may also be made to judges in accordance with normative legal acts.

Within the limits of the established fund for labor payment, judges may be paid bonuses and financial assistance.

When sent on a business trip, judges shall enjoy the right to book and receive out of turn travel documents for air, rail, and motor vehicle passenger transport (with the exception of taxis and urban passenger transport).

Judges shall be granted annual leave for thirty calendar days.

Judges who have more than ten years of judicial experience may, at their request, be granted additional labor leave of up to six calendar days.

A judge in need of housing shall be provided with official housing at the location of the court by local government bodies in the procedure determined by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The judge shall have the right for compensation of expenses related to the rent (sub-renting) of residential premises, until they are provided with residential premises for permanent residence in accordance with the established procedure.

The life and health of a judge shall be under special protection of the state and shall be subject to compulsory state insurance at the expense of the republican budget.

Insurance companies (insurers) shall pay the insurance sums in the event of:

death (decease) of a judge during the period of work or after the expiration of the term of office, if it occurred as a result of injury or other damage to health received in connection with the performance of official duties, to his heirs — in the amount of fifty months' salary of a judge;

injury to a judge in connection with the performance of official duties, or other damage to health that precludes further opportunity to engage in professional activities — in the amount of twenty-five months' salary of a judge;

infliction of injury or other damage to the judge's health, received in connection with the performance of official duties and not resulting in permanent disability, which would exclude the further possibility of engaging in professional activities — in the amount of five months' salary of a judge.

In the event that a judge is injured or otherwise damaged in connection with the performance of official duties, which exclude further opportunities to engage in professional activities, they shall be paid monthly compensation in the form of the difference between the salary and the assigned pension, without offsetting payments received under compulsory state insurance.

In the event of the death (decease) of a judge as a result of injury or other damage to health received in connection with the performance of official duties, disabled members of their family who were dependent on them shall be paid monthly compensation in the form of the difference between the part of the salary of the deceased that fell to their share and the part of survivor's pension assigned to them without offsetting payments received under compulsory state insurance.

Material damage caused by the destruction or damage to property belonging to a judge in connection with their official activities shall be subject to compensation to them or members of their family in full.

Payments for compensation for harm, provided for in parts two to five of this article, shall be conducted at the expense of the republican budget with their subsequent collection from the guilty persons in the manner prescribed by law.

For judges whose term of office has expired, the average monthly salary shall be retained during the period when the issue of their re-election or reappointment for a new term of office is resolved, or other work is provided, but not more than three months.

After the expiration of their term of office, judges shall be provided with the previous job (position) held by them before being elected or appointed to the position of a judge, and in its absence, another equivalent job (position).

Labor legislation shall apply to judges in respect of relations not regulated by this Law.

Pension provision for judges shall be determined by legislation.

The apparatus of the court shall ensure its work on the administration of justice, the generalization of judicial practice, the analysis of judicial statistics, as well as the performance of other functions of the court.

Employees of the court apparatus shall certify in the manner established by the Chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The procedure for establishing and assigning class ranks to employees of the court apparatus shall be determined by the regulation approved by this Law.

The structure and staffing of the courts of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be approved by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The staff list of courts shall be approved by the Chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Department for Ensuring the Activities of Courts under the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan (hereinafter referred to as the Department).

The Chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, if necessary, shall make changes to the staff list of courts within the limits of the staffing and labor payment fund.

Financing the activities of courts, guarding and maintenance of their buildings shall be carried out at the expense of funds of the State Budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan and must ensure the possibility of full and independent administration of justice. The amount of allocated funds shall be approved by the annual Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the State Budget.

The distribution of allocated appropriations shall be carried out by:

the Department to Courts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional and Tashkent city courts, Administrative court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, administrative courts of regions and the city of Tashkent, inter-district, district, city courts and military courts;

the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Each court shall be provided with a separate building, security and motor vehicles.

Logistical, technical and financial support for the activities of the courts shall be carried out by the Department.

The main tasks of the Department shall be:

organizing work on the logistical, technical and financial support of the activities of the courts, as well as preparing proposals for its improvement;

ensuring the efficiency of disbursement of funds allocated for the construction and repair of court buildings, taking measures to create proper conditions for the activities of courts;

development of proposals for improving working conditions, material and social security of judges and employees of the court apparatus;

systematic analysis of the current state of logistical, technical and financial support for the activities of courts, preparation of long-term comprehensive programs for the development of logistical, technical and financial support for the activities of courts;

organization of work to ensure the security of judges and trials.

The powers and organization of the activities of the Department for ensuring the activities of courts under the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be determined by the regulation approved by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall have its own press organs.

Under the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, a scientific advisory council shall be formed, which is an advisory body and operates on a voluntary basis. Its task shall be to develop evidence-based recommendations on the application of legislation that arise in judicial practice.

The court shall have a seal with the image of the State Emblem of the Republic of Uzbekistan and its name.

A judge shall administer justice in special clothes, the description and samples of which shall be approved by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall issue official identification documents to the Chairperson, Deputy Chairpersons and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Judges of other courts shall be issued official identification documents by the Chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

To approve:

Regulations on the organization of the activities of military courts — in accordance with Annex No. 1 to this Law;

Regulations on the qualification classes of judges — in accordance with Annex No. 2 to this Law;

Regulations on the class ranks of employees of the judiciary — in accordance with Annex No. 3 to this Law.

To recognize invalid:

1) Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 2, 1993 No. 924-XII “On Courts” (Bulletin of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 1993, No. 10, Art. 367);

2) Decree of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 2, 1993 No. 925-XII “On the Procedure for Enacting the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Courts” (Bulletin of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 1993, No. 10, Art. 368);

3) Decree of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 2, 1993 No. 927-XII “On approval of the Regulations on the qualification boards of judges, on the qualification classes of judges, on the class ranks of court employees, on the organization of the activities of military courts” (Bulletin of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 1993 city, No. 10, item 370);

4) section XIV of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated August 31, 1995 No. 118-I “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan” (Bulletin of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 1995, No. 9, art. 193);

5) sections VIII, XX and XXI of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 27, 1996 No. 357-I “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan” (Bulletin of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 1997, No. 2, art. 56 );

6) Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 14, 2000 No. 162-II “On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Courts” (Bulletin of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2001, No. 1-2, Art. 10);

7) Decree of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 14, 2000 No. 164-II “On introducing amendments and additions to the regulations on qualification boards of judges, on qualification classes of judges, on class ranks of court employees, on organizing the activities of military courts” (Bulletin of the Oliy Majlis Republic of Uzbekistan, 2001, No. 1-2, article 12);

8) section V of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 7, 2001 No. 320-II “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan” (Bulletin of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2002, No. 1, article 20);

9) sections IV and XXVII of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 12, 2003 No. 568-II “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan” (Bulletin of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2004, No. 1-2, art. 18 );

10) paragraphs 20 and 47 of section I of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 3, 2004 No. 714-II “On the introduction of amendments and additions, as well as the invalidation of certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan” (Bulletin of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2005, No. 1, article 18);

11) Article 2 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 11, 2007 No. ZRU-100 “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan in connection with the transfer to the courts of the right to issue sanctions for detention” (Bulletin of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2007 city, No. 6, item 249);

12) Articles 1 and 2 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 20, 2007 No. ZRU-103 “On amendments and additions to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Courts”, Regulations on the organization of the activities of military courts, Regulations on qualification boards of judges” (Bulletin of Oliy chambers Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2007, No. 7, article 324);

13) Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 7, 2009 No. ZRU-207 “On Amendments to the Regulations on Class Ranks of Court Employees” (Bulletin of Chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2009, No. 4, Art. 134);

14) Articles 3 and 13 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 22, 2009 No. ZRU-238 “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan” (Bulletin of the Chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2009, No. 12, Art. 470);

15) article 1 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 21, 2011 No. ZRU-288 “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan” (Bulletin of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2011, No. 4, art. 104);

16) Article 2 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 18, 2012 No. ZRU-335 “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan in connection with the further reform of the judicial and legal system” (Bulletin of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2012, No. 9/2, item 244);

17) articles 3 and 4 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 20, 2014 No. ZRU-365 “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan” (Bulletin of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2014, No. 1, art. 2) ;

18) Article 2 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 29, 2017 No. ZRU-421 “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan in connection with the adoption of additional measures to ensure guarantees of reliable protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens” (Bulletin of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic Uzbekistan, 2017, No. 3, item 47);

19) Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 12, 2017 No. ZRU-428 “On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Courts”, Civil Procedure and Economic Procedure Codes of the Republic of Uzbekistan” (Bulletin of Chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2017, No. 4, item 136);

20) Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated June 6, 2017 No. ZRU-435 “On amendments and additions to the Regulations on the class ranks of court employees and the Research Center for Democratization and Liberalization of Judicial Legislation and Ensuring the Independence of the Judicial System under the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan” (Bulletin of Chambers Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2017, No. 6, article 299);

21) Articles 48 and 49 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 14, 2017 No. ZRU-446 “On amendments and additions, as well as invalidation of certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan” (Bulletin of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2017, No. 9 , item 510);

22) Article 11 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 23, 2018 No. ZRU-486 “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan in connection with the improvement of the activities of certain state bodies and organizations” (Bulletin of the Chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2018. , No. 7, item 431);

23) Article 1 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 11, 2018 No. ZRU-496 “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan aimed at further improving the efficiency of the administration of justice, as well as recognizing the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On appealing to the court actions and decisions that violate the rights and freedoms of citizens” (Bulletin of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2018, No. 10, p. 672);

24) Article 9 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 18, 2019 No. ZRU-522 “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan in connection with the improvement of the activities of certain state bodies in the field of security and defense” (Bulletin of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2019, No. 2, item 47);

25) articles 3 and 4 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 10, 2019 No. ZRU-536 “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan in connection with the improvement of the activities of certain state bodies and organizations” (Bulletin of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2019 city, No. 5, item 261);

26) Article 4 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 5, 2019 No. ZRU-564 “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan in connection with the improvement of legislation in the field of security and defense” (Bulletin of the Chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2019. , No. 9, item 589);

27) Article 3 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 10, 2019 No. ZRU-566 “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan in connection with the improvement of the activities of certain state bodies” (Bulletin of the Chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2019, No. 9, article 591);

28) Article 1 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 10, 2020 No. ZRU-607 “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan in connection with the improvement of the procedure for conducting cases in courts” (Bulletin of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2020, No. 3, item 198);

29) article 1 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 9, 2020 No. ZRU-646 “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan” (Bulletin of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2020, No. 11, art. 652);

30) Article 33 Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 21, 2021 No. ZRU-683 “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan” (Bulletin of the Chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2021, Appendix to No. 4).

To the Supreme Court, the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan, other interested organizations to ensure the execution, communication to the executors and explanation among the population of the essence and significance of this Law.

To the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan:

to bring government decisions in line with this Law;

to ensure the revision and cancellation by the state administration bodies of their normative legal acts that contradict this Law.

This Law shall enter into force from the date of its official publication.

Article 1. Military courts shall be part of the judicial system of the Republic of Uzbekistan and shall consist of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan and territorial military courts.

Decisions and sentences adopted by military courts shall be proclaimed in the name of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Article 2. The Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall act as a regional court and consist of judges, including the chairperson, deputy chairperson of the court, as well as people's assessors.

Territorial military courts shall act as district courts and consist of judges, including the chairperson of the court, as well as people's assessors.

Article 3. The procedure of appointment and the status of judges of military courts shall be determined by the Law Republic of Uzbekistan “On Courts”.

Article 4. Military courts of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall consider:

1) cases of crimes committed by military personnel of the Ministry of Defense, the State Security Service, the State Security Service of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the National Guard, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan and other military units created in accordance with the legislation, as well as those citizens liable for military service during their training sessions;

2) civil cases on claims by military personnel against the command of military units, formations and associations, military command and control bodies and complaints against actions (decisions) of military command and control bodies and military officials that violate the rights and freedoms of military personnel;

3) all civil and criminal cases in areas where, due to exceptional circumstances, courts do not operate;

4) cases concerning state secrets;

5) cases of administrative offenses referred by law to their competence.

The military courts of the Republic of Uzbekistan may also consider other cases in accordance with the law.

Cases of crimes committed by persons referred to in paragraph 1 of part one of this article, during the period of their military or equivalent service, but dismissed by the time the case is considered in court, shall be considered by military courts.

Cases of crimes and administrative offenses committed by the persons referred to in paragraph 1 of part one of this article, prior to their conscription or entry into military service, or service equivalent to it, shall be considered by criminal courts.

Article 5. The military court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall have jurisdiction over:

cases of crimes committed by officers of generals, as well as other cases and complaints concerning these persons;

cases of crimes for which a sentence of life imprisonment may be imposed;

cases of crimes of persons with the military rank of colonel, captain of the 1st rank or persons holding the positions of brigade commander and persons equal to them in official position, as well as other cases and complaints relating to these persons.

Article 6. Territorial military courts shall have jurisdiction over cases of crimes of persons with military ranks up to lieutenant colonel, captain of the 2nd rank inclusive, as well as other cases and complaints relating to these persons.

Article 7. Consideration by military courts of cases in relation to civilians shall be allowed in cases where a group of persons is charged, and the case against one or more of them is within the jurisdiction of a military court, and it is impossible to separate it into separate proceedings in accordance with the law.

When accusing one person or a group of persons of committing several crimes, if the case with respect to one of crimes is within the jurisdiction of a military court, the case on crimes and in respect of all persons shall be considered by a military court.

Article 8. Together with criminal cases, military courts shall consider civil claims of military units, enterprises, institutions, organizations, public associations and citizens for compensation for material damage caused to them by crimes.

Article 9. The Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall:

consider cases within the scope of its powers as a court of first instance, appellate or cassation and revision instances;

supervise the judicial activities of territorial military courts;

check the organization of the work of military courts;

summarize judicial practice and judicial statistics of military courts, carry out their systematic analysis;

prepare reviews of judicial practice;

take measures advance training of judges of military courts;

implement measures aimed at strengthening the independence of judges.

The Chairperson of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall issue orders and instructions on the organization of the work of military courts.

Article 10. The Presidium of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall act in composition of the judges of this court.

Meetings of the presidium of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be held as necessary, but not less than once a month and shall be competent in the presence of a majority of the members of the presidium.

Resolutions of the presidium of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be adopted by a majority of votes of the members of the presidium who participated in the meeting, and signed by the chairperson of the court.

Article 11. The Presidium of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall:

consider the results of generalization of judicial practice and analysis of judicial statistics;

hear reports on the activities of the Judicial Collegium;

hear the reports of the chairpersons of the territorial military courts on the practice of applying the legislation;

The Presidium of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan may also exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

Article 12. Judicial Collegium of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall:

consider, within its powers, cases at first instance;

consider cases in appeal or cassation and in the order of revision;

study and generalize judicial practice;

analyze judicial statistics.

The Judicial Collegium of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan may also exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

Article 13. Chairperson of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall:

carry out organizational management of the court;

convene meetings of the presidium of the court and chair its meetings;

organize work to monitor the implementation of resolutions of the presidium of the court;

preside over court sessions;

assist in organizing the activities of lower courts;

organize work for advanced training of judges, employees of the court apparatus and people's assessors;

organize work on the generalization of judicial practice, the preparation of reviews of judicial practice and the maintenance of judicial statistics;

conduct a personal reception of individuals, representatives of legal entities and organize work on consideration of their appeals;

make submissions to the High Qualification Board of Judges on the decisions of the Qualification Board of Judges;

supervise the work of the court apparatus, conclude and terminate employment contracts with employees of the court apparatus.

The Chairperson of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan may exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

Article 14. Deputy Chairperson of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall:

organize the work of the Judicial Collegium;

preside at meetings of the Judicial Collegium;

submit to the Presidium of the Court reports on the activities of the Judicial Collegium;

conduct a personal reception of individuals and representatives of legal entities;

in the absence of the chairperson of the court, exercise their powers.

The Deputy Chairperson of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan may exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

In the absence of the deputy chairperson of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, their powers may be assigned by the chairperson of this court to one of the judges.

Article 15. Chairman of the territorial military court shall:

preside over court sessions;

conduct a personal reception of individuals, representatives of legal entities and organize work on consideration of their appeals;

supervise the work of the court apparatus, conclude and terminate employment contracts with employees of the court apparatus.

The chairperson of the territorial military court may also exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

In the absence of the chairperson of the territorial military court, their powers shall be performed by one of the judges of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Article 16. The structure, staffing of military courts, the list of staff positions shall be approved by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the proposal of the Chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Article 17. Judges of military courts shall bear disciplinary liability in accordance with the Law Republic of Uzbekistan “On Courts”.

Article 18. Employment and termination of employment contracts with employees of the apparatus of military courts shall be carried out in accordance with the Labor Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan by the chairperson of the corresponding military court.

Article 19. Logistical and technical support, financing, provision of transport, means of communication of military courts shall be carried out by the Department for ensuring the activities of courts under the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Article 20. The escort to military courts of detainees, those arrested, those held in custody in guardhouses, and their protection at the court session shall be carried out by military units or military commandant's offices of garrisons. Convoy to the place of consideration of the case and protection of the arrested, who are in other places of detention, in institutions for the execution of punishment, shall be carried out in the prescribed manner by parts of the guard troops, bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Article 21. Military courts shall have a seal with the image of the State Emblem of the Republic of Uzbekistan and their name.

Article 1. In accordance with the Law Republic of Uzbekistan “On Courts”, this Regulation shall determine the procedure for establishing and assigning qualification classes to judges of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Article 2. Based on experience and length of service as a judge, judges shall be assigned the following qualification classes:

the highest qualification class;

first qualifying class;

second qualification class;

third qualification class;

fourth qualification class;

fifth qualifying class.

Article 3. Qualification classes shall be assigned to:

Judges of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, judges of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan — the highest, first, second qualification classes;

Judges of the Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional courts and the Tashkent City Court, the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Administrative Court of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, administrative courts of the regions, the city of Tashkent — the first, second, third qualification classes;

Judges of inter-district, district, city courts, territorial military courts shall be assigned the third, fourth, fifth qualification classes.

Article 4. Assignment of the highest qualification class to the chairperson of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be made by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The assignment of the highest qualification class to deputy chairpersons — chairpersons of the judicial collegiums of the Supreme Court, judges of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, judges of the Supreme Judicial Council, shall be carried out by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the proposal of the Chairperson of the Supreme Court and the Chairperson of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan, respectively, based on the conclusion of the High Qualification Board of Judges of the Courts Republic of Uzbekistan. Other qualification classes shall be assigned to judges by the High Qualification Board of Judges of the Courts of the Republic of Uzbekistan upon the conclusion of the relevant qualification boards of judges.

First-time elected or appointed judges shall be assigned qualification classes during the first three months of their work, taking into account special ranks and class ranks assigned at their previous place of work or service.

Persons elected in accordance with the established procedure or appointed by decisions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan from among judges, qualification classes shall be assigned by the High Qualification Board of Judges of the Courts of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the proposal of the heads of relevant state bodies and organizations.

Article 5. The terms of stay in each qualification class in the presence of a positive qualification attestation shall be established:

in the fifth qualification class — two years;

in the fourth qualifying class — three years;

in the third qualifying class — four years;

in the second qualifying class — five years.

The period of stay in the first qualifying class shall be not established.

Highly qualified judges, taking into account work experience, shall be allowed to be assigned a qualification class regardless of the one provided for their position, as well as without following the sequence, but not more than two qualification classes higher than the one they have.

Article 6. Deprivation of the qualification class of judges may be carried out for gross violations of the law in the administration of justice.

Deprivation of the qualification class and lowering of the qualification class shall be carried out by the official or body that assigned the qualification class.

Article 7. Judges with qualification classes shall be provided with additional payments to official salaries in the amounts determined by the legislation.

Article 8. The procedure for conducting qualification attestation of judges shall be determined by a regulation approved by law.

Article 1. This Regulation shall establish the procedure for conferring special ranks — class ranks on employees of the court apparatus, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan (hereinafter referred to as the Constitutional Court), the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic Uzbekistan (hereinafter referred to as the Supreme Judicial Council), the Higher School of Judges under the Supreme Judicial Council (hereinafter referred to as the Higher School), the Department for Supporting the Activities of Courts under the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan (hereinafter referred to as the Department) and its territorial divisions.

Article 2. Special ranks of employees of the apparatus of the courts, the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Judicial Council, the Higher School of Judges, the Department and its territorial departments shall consist of the following class ranks:

1st class State Counselor of Justice;

2nd class State Counselor of Justice;

3rd class State Counselor of Justice;